Reccession of 2008 and Great depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reccession of 2008 and Great depression - Essay Example HSBC which is the global largest bank wrote down its holdings of subprime mortgage backed securities by $ 10.5 billion while more than other 100 mortgages companies were either shut down or suspended their operations.US and European Banks lost more than $ 1 trillion on toxic assets during the financial crisis. Northern Rock which was a British bank, was highly leveraged could not obtain credit in the financial markets. Bear Stearns collapsed in March 2008. Other financial institutions made bad losses and were subject to government take over. Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and AIG made a lot of losses during the crisis (Halm-Addo 4). Various limits to arbitrage can help explain why assets were selling below their fundamental level at the height of the financial crisis. Constrains to short selling does not account for the assets selling below their fundamental prices. Short selling was evident since investors made speculative short sale bets against the financial assets which made the prices to decline. For instance, short selling led to drop in the value of Lehman Brothers stocks. US Securities and Exchange Commission imposed at temporary ban on short selling since it this method of trading reduced the market confidence and the stability of financial assets (Halm-Addo 40). The â€Å"too big to fail† notion led to moral hazards, bail outs and increased the Fed’s balance sheet. Adverse selection was not caused by the notion of â€Å"too big to fail†. The notion created moral hazard since the financial institutions engaged in predatory lending like Countrywide Financial which advertised low interest rate loans for home refinancing. The notion made banks to borrow short term in liquid markets and purchase long term illiquid assets which were risky. The notion led to the bail out where $ 700 billion Troubled Assets Relief Program was created to rescue the

Events and Exhibition in the Digital Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Events and Exhibition in the Digital Age - Essay Example He says. "In the United States, 14 to 15 percent of the marketing budget [of exhibiting companies] is dedicated to trade shows. In Europe, the percentage is 22 to 24 percent," A good exhibition creates a vibrant retail environment, which in itself is a unique experience for all kinds of companies especially those in the business-to-business arena and service sectors. This unique thing about an exhibition is that it creates a neutral environment in which buying and selling is a natural process. At exhibitions, business just happens. An exhibition visitor is much more at ease than a customer walking into a store. Visitors at an exhibition or a trade show feel more in control and therefore less pressured or edgy. This is a good mood for them to have when you open up a business dialogue with them. Firstly, your company gets a chance to sell to hundreds of customers a day. If the product is right, the price offer is attractive, the packaging is enticing then you could close outright orders with full payment/ part down payment. For the sellers, exhibitions are a substantial opportunity to meet new prospects. Whether they close the sale then and there depends on the type of goods or services they offer. However, exhibitions provide the single best opportunity to interact with thousands of prospective customers. This gives the seller a chance to let the prospect know about the products offered, note their responses, find out what they think about the brand/ product, its features, price, quality, standing in the market, how much money they are willing to spend on such a product, the competition. For some product lines this first hand information is very important in order to improve their offering in terms of price and other attributes. Some exhibitions provide you with an opportunity to organize a private audience with prospect customers giving you the opportunity to make a high impact impression on them because you are able to attack all of their senses and they can interact with you and see/touch/feel your products, through demonstrations and trials. Apart from the marketing angle, Exhibitions also give you a place where you can do some hands on research, meet and talk to your competitors, potential suppliers, learn about the new developments in your product line. If you have a new idea in the pipeline, exhibitions can be a great place to do some test marketing and find out how the market is going to respond. Exhibitions provide the companies an opportunity, 1. to sell the products directly to large number of customers 2. to get a database of prospective customers to follow up 3. to raise awareness of your business in a given geographic location 4. to launch or promote a new product or service 5. to meet existing customers and sell maintenance contracts etc. 6. to meet potential suppliers/partners/agents/distributors An exhibition is a real opportunity to display the personality of a business. What's in it for the visitors/ customers/ general public. First of all, visitors to exhibitions and events are motivated to attend for